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CHAPTER 2 Federalism
1) A political system in which national and regional governments share powers and are considered independent equals is called ____________.
2) This system of shared powers is ____________ to understanding the politics of states and localities.
3) The central question in a system of shared powers is, who has the power to do what - the ____________ government or the ____________ governments.
4) The unitary system is a political system in which power is concentrated in a ____________ government.
5) A confederacy is a political system in which power is concentrated in ____________ governments.
6) In a federal system, responsibilities are divided between ____________ levels of government.
7) In the United States, ____________ are equal partners with the ____________ government and occupy a central role in the political system.
8) The framers of the U.S. Constitution organized the country as a federal system because, while most recognized that the Articles (of Confederation) had numerous flaws, few were ready to copy the example of the British and adopt a ____________ system.
9) What the framers wanted was a government capable of effectively dealing with national problems, and this meant a government ____________ of the states.
10) The Revolutionary War had been fought in no small part because of the perceived arrogance and abuse of a ____________ system.
11) Constitutional Convention delegates wanted a more powerful national government but at the same time they did not want to concentrate power for fear that would lead to ____________.
12) What are four key advantages of the federal system?
13) What are 4 disadvantages of federalism?
14) The quality of public schools and welfare services depends heavily on the ____________state and local government make.
15) Grants of authority explicitly given by the Constitution are called ____________ powers.
16) The national supremacy clause is the constitutional clause stating that federal law takes precedence over ____________.
17) Powers that both federal and state government can exercise including the right to tax more and spend are called ____________ powers.
18) The process of the federal government overriding area regulated by state law is called ____________.
19) In the first 200 years of its existence, Congress preempted roughly 250 state laws. In the past two decades -- the era of New Federalism and devolution -- that number has roughly ____________.
20) The Full Faith and Credit Clause is the constitutional clause requiring states to ____________ each other's public records and acts as valid.
21) When did disagreements about the scope and authority of the national government first break out?
22) The idea that state and federal governments have separate and distinct jurisdictions and responsibilities is called ____________ Federalism.
23) In theory dual federalism defines and maintains a clear ____________ between state and national governments.
24) As the nation became increasingly industrialized and more urban, state and federal interest became increasingly ____________.
25) What two events centralized power of the national government even further?
26) The notion that it is impossible for state and national governments to have separate and distinct jurisdictions and that both levels of government must work together is called ____________ federalism.
27) Cooperative federalism signaled a significant shift in power away from ____________ and toward the ____________ government.
28) Cash appropriations given by the federal government to the States are called ____________.
29) Federal grants-in-aid given for specific programs that leave states and localities with little discretion on how to spend the money are called ____________ Grants.
30) Federal grants-in-aid given with few constraints, leaving states and localities almost complete discretion over how to spend the money are called ____________ Grants.
31) Perhaps the most important dimension of the politics of grants-in-aid, was the federal government's increasing desire to use its purse strings to pressure states and localities into adopting particular ____________ and ____________.
32) Federal laws that direct state action but provide no financial support for that action are called ____________ mandates.
33) It was not until the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 that a sustained attempt was made to ____________ the course of cooperative federalism.
34) The believe that states should receive more power and authority and less money from the federal government is called ____________ Federalism.
35) Public opinion polls consistently show that Americans place more trust in ____________ and ____________ governments compared to the ____________ government.
36) What three things conspired to blunt (George W. ) Bush's plans to accelerate the trends of New Federalism?
37) Who is the umpire of federalism?
38) Throughout U.S. history the Supreme Court has cycled through trends of the state-centered and nation-centered philosophies of ____________.
39) The states spent much of the first of four years of the twenty-first century in a severe ____________ bind.
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